![]() In contrast, ATC tactical shortcutting of a CCO departure to take advantage of observed aircraft climb performance is desirable because it saves both flight mileage and time. In general CDO aircraft should be left on the designed route and not given a vector “shortcut” because a CDO is already descending at flight idle and thus descending at the steeper angle a shortcut requires may lead to an unstable approach. In surveillance environments the CCO design should take into account that tactical changes to the flight path, initiated by ATC, may be desirable. There is a difference in design philosophy between CCO and continuous descent operations ( CDO). Speed restrictions reduce the flexibility of the CCO but can aid in enabling a CCO-based procedure where it might not otherwise be possible. However, specific speed restrictions (to maintain separation between succeeding aircraft or to enable a smaller turning radius) may be required to allow CCO in high traffic density areas or in areas with airspace and terrain constraints. Unrestricted climb to the cruise flight level with no speed restrictions is also desirable. This should also provide for the shortest track distance to be flown. After departure a path to the destination or airspace exit point that supports the most optimised vertical profile is desirable. Ideally a CCO should be organised as a part of a Standard Instrument Departure ( SID) so that both flight crews and controllers have a fixed procedure to refer to in advance. Weather avoidance: when weather avoidance is in effect the CCO procedures are normally cancelled due to the inability of departing aircraft to follow the published CCO-based departures.ĭespite the aforementioned restrictions, the implementation of CCO can provide significant benefits even over shorter sections of the climb.ATC Procedures: procedures (such as radar handoff local procedures, or specific flight level allocation specified in letters of agreement with adjacent ATC units) and SID designs might impose restrictions to the continuous climb.Environmental restrictions: noise abatement procedures might be in effect which may impose restrictions to the optimal departure climb.Terrain and obstacles: risks to obstacle clearances associated with lower performing aircraft.Limited airspace: Insufficient amount of vertical airspace to be reserved to protect the climb due to interactions with other traffic flows, particularly pronounced in busier airspaces.In real life fully optimal CCOs to the top of climb may not be always possible, due to a number of reasons: Environmental benefits through reduced fuel burn and potential aircraft noise mitigation through thrust and height optimisation.Reduction in the number of required radio transmissions - in general a published CCO-based procedure should require fewer controller radio transmissions than vector based departure procedures due to the fact that the complete aircraft trajectory is issued via the SID prior to departure. ![]() ![]() Reduction in both flight crew and controller workload through the design of procedures requiring less ATC intervention.Fuel economy due to more fuel-efficient aircraft performance. ![]() ![]() When CCOs are in effect, appropriate airspace design and ATC procedures should be used to avoid the necessity of resolving potential conflicts between the arriving and departing traffic flows through ATC level or speed constraints. CCO allows the aircraft to reach the initial cruise flight level at optimum air speed with optimal engine thrust settings, thus reducing total fuel burn and emissions for the whole flight. The fuel used in climbing to the most fuel efficient level can be a significant part the overall fuel used for the flight. The optimum vertical profile of a departing aircraft is a continuously climbing path with optimal fuel conserving climb rate. Continuous Climb Operations (CCO) is an aircraft operating technique facilitated by the airspace and procedures design and assisted by appropriate ATC procedures, allowing the execution of a flight profile optimised to the performance of aircraft, leading to significant economy of fuel and environmental benefits in terms of noise and emissions reduction. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |